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Volume 3 (2); June 25, 2013
Evaluating the Anti-Leech Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Peganum harmala L. and Olea europaea L. on Limnatis nilotica
Bahmani M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Eftekhari Z, Banihabib E, Hajigholizadeh G, Bahmani F, Azadzadeh J, Abdollahi R, Kheyri A, Sotoudeh A, Karamati SA, Jelodari M.
World Vet. J. 3(2): 33-37, 2013; pii:S232245681300007-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20130428
ABSTRACT
Leeches had several complications such as pain, itching, inflammation, severe anemia, short-term bleeding, hypersensitivity, and anaphylactic reactions in their hosts. Harmal Peganum harmala L. is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent and it has antibacterial activity. Olive Olea europaea L. has antibacterial, anti-viral, hypoglycemic and the relaxation of blood vessels properties. Antioxidant properties of olive also had been reported. This study was carried out to detect the effects of methanolic extracts of P. harmala L. and O. europaea L. on L. nilotica immature form. In 2011, 55 immature leeches collected from the southern area of Ilam province were prepared. The methanolic extract of O. europaea L and P. harmala L. were compared with levamisole as the control drug. Distilled water was evaluated as the placebo group which investigated L. nilotica using anti-leech assay. Then extract and drugs were added and their effects were screened for 720 min and time to paralyze, kill and death of each leech was recorded. The results showed that olive methanolic extractions (600 and 300mg) could kill the leeches in an average time of 145±77.57 and171±33.28 min, respectively. An average death time for levamisole was found to be 15±7.49 min. The highest effectiveness was found for levamisole at dose 300 mg. Methanol extracts of the Harmal (300 and 600 μg/m) and springs water showed no anti-leech. In sum, olive plant could use for anti Limnatis nilotica expenditure.
Keywords: Peganum harmala L., Olea europaea L., Levamisole, Limnatis nilotica, Anti-leech Assay
Research Paper
The Effects of Gamma-Irradiation on Soybean Meal Chemical Composition
Sataki A, Tahizadeh A, Showrang P, Zamanzadeh Gavidel S, Mehmannavaz Y.
World Vet. J. 3(2): 38-40, 2013; pii:S232245681300008-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20130429
ABSTRACT
In order to determine of effects of gamma-irradiation on soybean meal chemical composition, this study was carried out. Gamma-irradiation of soybean meal at doses up to 16 kGy could change its protein structure by Create cross linking and proteins bind together and gel formation. Data showed that amount of dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fibers have no significant difference between treatments (p> 0.05). But the amount of NDF, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor were treated with various doses of gamma radiation showed a significant difference (p< 0.05). So that, with increasing doses of gamma radiation, significantly decreased levels of trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid. Gamma-irradiation of soybean meal can improve nutritive value of feed stuffs.
Keywords: Gamma-irradiation, soybean meal and chemical composition
Research Paper
Feed Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Fogera Cows Supplemented with Different Feeds
Hussien R, Tegegne F, Yilma Z, Mekuriaw Z, Taye M.
World Vet. J. 3(2): 41-45, 2013; pii:S232245681300009-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20130430
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted at Andassa Livestock Research Center in Amhara National Regional State (ANRS), Ethiopia, to evaluate the effect of different feed supplements on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of Fogera cows. Twenty second parity Fogera cows with similar stage of lactation, mean initial body weight of 258 kg and an average initial milk yield of 0.86 kg cow-1 day-1 were selected from the herd of the research center. The experiment had four treatments with five replications each using a randomized complete block design to which initial body weight was used for blocking. The treatments were; 1. Animals fed on only hay harvested from natural pasture (Control), 2. Hay plus grass pea bran; 3. Hay plus wheat bran and 4. Hay plus commercial concentrate mix (maize grain + Noug seed cake + wheat bran + fish meal + salt). There were significant (P< 0.01) differences in total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ash intakes among treatment groups. The overall milk yield (kg/cow/day) was 1.44; while fat, protein, total solid, solid-not-fat, and Ash composition of milk (%) were, 5.01, 3.07, 14.23, 9.22, 0.70, respectively. Milk yield was significantly different (P< 0.01) between treatment groups. Except ash content all the milk compositions analysed were significantly different (P< 0.01) among treatment groups. Supplementation of Fogera cows maintained on natural grass pasture with different feeds has an effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition.
Keywords: Grass Pea Bran, Nutrient Intake, Total Solid Content
Research Paper
In- situ Degradability and In vitro Gas Production of Selected Multipurpose tree Leaves and Alfalfa as Ruminant Feeds
Balgees A, Elmnan A, Fadal Elseed AMA, Mahala AG. and Amasiab EO.
World Vet. J. 3(2): 46-50, 2013; pii:S232245681300010-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20130431
ABSTRACT
In-situ degradability and in vitro gas production technique were used to evaluate the nutritive value of Albizia lebbeck (AL), Leucaena leucecophala (Lu), Sesbania sesban (SE), Sesbania fermuza (SF) leaves and Alfalfa (ALF). In the In-situ degradability study the sample were incubated at a different time (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hrs.) in the rumen of two fistulated, adult crossbred cattle. The gas production was continuously measured by incubating samples in buffered rumen from two adult crossbred cattle (2,4,8,16,24,48 and 72 hrs.) The results indicated that CP content ranged from 17.21 to 21.28% and significantly higher (P< 0.05) for SE 21.28% while ALF had a lower CP content 17.21%. NDF and ADF contents were higher for leaves of AL and ALF than leaves of LU, SE and SF. Total tannins content of the leaves range from 2.31 to 9.41% for ALF and LU respectively. OM and CP degradability kinetics (effective degradability, potential degradability, and slow degradation fraction) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) for SF and SE than LU, AL and ALF. Significantly higher (P< 0.05) in gas production were observed in SF and ALF compared to SE, AL and LU.
Keywords: Tree Leaves, Chemical Composition, Degradability, Gas Production
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