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Volume 6 (2); June 25, 2016 [Booklet]
Research Paper
Potassium Permanganate Alleviates the Potential Effect of Estrogenic Pollutants on Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Male Oreochromis niloticus.
Magdy Elgaabary A, Mahmoud Sh, Fahmy Saad M, Abdel Azeez Abdel Rahman A.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 38-45, 2016; pii:S232245681600006-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160465
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the concentration of some estrogens like 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) in agriculture drainage water that used in Egyptian fish farms and to evaluate the oxidative degradation effect of potassium permanganate on these estrogenic pollutants. In addition to assess vitellogenin gene expression on mature male Oreochromis niloticus as a biomarker for estrogenisity. Three groups of males were allocated in three farm ponds filled with agriculture drainage water used in Egyptian fish farms. Water of two of them was treated with potassium permanganate in a concentration of 2.5 and 5 ppm while that of the third pond was kept as untreated control. Other three groups were allocated in three laboratory glass aquariums filled with tap water. Water of two of them was treated with 2.5 and 5 ppm potassium permanganate, while the third was kept as untreated control. The concentrations of E2, EE2 and BPA assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were 9.150, 16.655 and 0.371 mg/L respectively in ponds water and only 0.125 mg/L bisphenol in tap water. This concentration declined in agriculture water treated by 2.5 ppm, moreover E2 and EE2 were completely eliminated with 5 ppm. As an accurate biomarker for estrogenicity, vitellogenin gene expression was assessed in the livers of all groups. A significant downregulation in farm treated groups was observed compared to control, it was 0.108 and 0.029 fold for 2.5 and 5 ppm, respectively.
Key words: Estrogenic pollution, Potassium permanganate, Vitellogenin, Gene expression, Oreochromisniloticus
Research Paper
Nutritive Value and Dry matter Disappearance of Sudanese Acacia Browse Leaves in Goat Nutrition.
Kamal Al shafei N and Nour A.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 46-52, 2016; pii:S232245681600007-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160466
ABSTRACT
Browse acacia trees provide feeds of high protein content for livestock in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa. They are important for subsistence livestock production in Sudan. They are a source of high quality protein and minerals for sheep, goats and camels especially in the dry season when the quantity and quality of other feed recourses decline. The nutritive value and digestibility of leaves from five browse trees were analyzed in this study. Browse trees employed in this study are: Acaciabalbida, Acacia nubica, Acacia sieberiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, and Ziziphus-spina- Christi. Leaves were collected from different areas of the semi arid region of the Sudan. The browse samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, fiber fractions and anti-nutritive components of their leaves, and dry matter disappearance rate. Three fistulated goats were used to determine dry matter disappearance rate (nylon bag technique) at different periods of time. The results showed that the browse species studied have good nutrients contents, especially proteins, and have low and safe levels of anti-nutritional factors, and may therefore form good feed resources for ruminant animal production during dry season. The acacia browse leaves have variable amount of lignin and tannin, which might have contributed to the lower DM digestibility of leaves observed for some species in this present study. However, the results of this study revealed that A .nubica may be considered to be an ideal browse acacia tree for this area of Sudan, because of its high protein and energy content, low lignin and tannin, and high DM digestibility. The results of this study should encourage more research and serious efforts on the propagation of high quality trees such as A. nubica.
Key words: Acacia tree species, Anti-nutritive factors, Nylon bags technique, Sudan
Research Paper
Species Variation on Gross Morphology and Gross Morphometry of Accessory Sex Glands in One-Humped Camel Bull (Camelus dromedarius), Uda Ram and Red Sokoto Buck.
Abdullahi Mahmud M, Josephat O, Sani Abdullahi Sh, U Muhammadu Aminu, Abdurrahman B, Hena Akawu S, Abubakar D, Shehu S.
World's Vet. J. 6(2): 53-58, 2016; pii:S232245681600008-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160467
ABSTRACT
Species variation on gross morphology and gross morphometry of accessory sex glands of One-humped Camel Bull (OCB), Uda Ram (UR) and Red Sokoto Buck (RSB) were carried out. Fifteen reproductive systems were collected; the accessory sex glands were grossly examined, and measured for weight or length. All the three studied animals have ampulla, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland. However, there was no presence of vesicular gland (seminal vesicle) in the OCB. Gross morphologically, the ampulla was most pronounced in the UR and least in the OCB. The two ampullae attached to each other through genital fold connective tissues mostly in the UR followed by OCB and then in the RSB. The broadness of the ampulla was also in that order. The seminal vesicles were markedly lobulated, dark-greyed in color and were the largest of the accessory glands. Though curved in both UR and RSB, seminal vesicles were however more pronounced in the UR in which each pair presented a lateral central depression. The prostate gland consisted of only disseminated or scattered parts extending along the pelvic urethra in the UR and the RSB. In OCB, the prostate gland was the largest accessory sex gland. In OCB, prostate glands were found on the dorsolateral aspect of the pelvic urethra above the ischial arch with a thick interglandular septum between them and almond in shape. Also in the RSB, they were found in the same area as in the OCB, but with a relatively less space. Gross morphometrically, results of the mean ampulla lengths and weights of OCB, UR and RSB showed that the means were significantly different. The results of the mean vesicular gland weights of UR and RSB indicated a significant difference. The results of the mean lengths, weights and diameters of bulbourethral gland showed that the means were significantly different in the three studied species. It was concluded that although results show that the studied animals are different ruminant species they exhibit some similarities and interesting morphological differences in gross morphology and gross morphometry of their accessory sex glands compared to the majority of mammals. The basic morphological characterizations done in this study are important for future studies, such as comparison with other species of ruminants (whether true or pseudo).
Key words: Species variation, Gross morphology, Gross morphometry, Accessory sex glands, Red Sokoto buck, Uda ram, One-humped camel bull.
Research Paper
Cattle Fattening, Constraints and Marketing System in North Western Ethiopia.
Addisu Mekuria Sh.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 59-65, 2016; pii:S232245681600009-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160468
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted from January to May, 2015 with the objective to assess cattle fattening and marketing system in north western Ethiopia of north Gondar zone by interviewing 120 cattle fattener households selected purposively. 40% of household source of income were livestock production. Half of the respondents selecting cattles for fattening were red coat color and 80% of them were castrating male animals before the commencement of fattening. Fattening length and age for oxen were 3 months and 7 years old, respectively. From the total of respondents the major sources of feed used for cattle fattening were bean straw (26.67%), nug cake (23.33%), chick pea (16.67%), wheat bran (13.33%), barely straw (10%) and teff straw and hay (3.33%). Decisions on end of cattle fattening period were considering on rate of live weight change (56.67%). Market of fattened animals was during main holidays. The price was highest from February to June, whereas low from September to January. Marketing of beef cattle practiced by bargaining and farmers, cattle traders, whole sales and retailers were involved. The maximum and minimum price of fattened cattle in the dry and wet season was 20000 ETB, 10000 ETB and 13000 ETB, 8000 ETB, respectively. Lack of capital (40%) were the main constraint to begin cattle fattening and other constraints were shortage of feed and water, insufficient land, occurrence of disease and lack of awareness in order of importance 26.67%, 16.67%, 10%, 6.67%, respectively. Therefore, from the present study, it can be conclude that cattle fattening in north western Ethiopia of north Gondar zone is one of the potential strategy to improve the livelihood of the family and had a good potential of market flow.
Key words: Cattle fattening, Constraint, Marketing
Case Report
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Tetanus in Female Buffalo Calf at Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan.
Khan A, Abbas Raza SH, Saeed M, Arain MA, Shoaib M, Babazadeh D, Abbasi IHR, Muhammad Zakaria H, Ali Siyal F, Nawaz Soomro R.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 66-69, 2016; pii:S232245681600010-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160469
ABSTRACT
A female buffalo calf with wound on left leg just below the knee joint suffering from high and persistent fever, anorexia, difficult mastication and urination, stiffness in neck muscle and with some degree of bloat was brought to department of veterinary medicine faculty of animal husbandry and veterinary sciences, Sindh agriculture university, Tandojam, Pakistan, and admitted. The calf was diagnosed to be suffering from tetanus based on clear cut symptoms of high fever, stiff muscles, urine retention and fixed jaws. The Graham’s staining of the fresh smear revealed gram+ve rod shape bacteria that appeared like drumsticks. Furthermore, the Clostridium tetani was cultured and isolated from the deep necrotic tissue of the wound. The calf was treated with high doses of procaine penicillin, anti-tetanus serum, sedative, meloxicam and intravenous fluid electrolyte therapy (Dextrose 5%). The calf was feed through stomach tube and the urinary catheter was administered to ease out the problem of urine retention. After continues therapeutics management, the calf recovered in two weeks.
Key words: Buffalo calf, Clostridium tetani, Diagnosis, Therapeutic management
Research Paper
Cadmium Bio-Accumulation and the Associated Biomarkers in Edible Frog Species (Hoplobatrachus Occipitalis) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Abosede Olayemi O, Afusat Jagun J, Oluwatobi Felix A, Augustine Adewole A.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 70-79, 2016; pii:S232245681600011-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160470
ABSTRACT
The spate of natural emissions and anthropogenic activities has comparatively increased cadmium pollution in recent times. This has also increased the attendant hazardous implication on both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a total of 50 edible frog species (Hoplobatrachus occipitalis) sourced from the Ogunpa river in Ibadan, Oyo state were sampled. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used for the evaluation of the blood, kidney and liver cadmium level. The frogs were grouped into Below Permissible Limit (BPL) and Above Permissible Limit (APL) groups using the FAO/WHO cadmium permissible level of 0.5mg/kg. 86% of the sampled frogs had blood cadmium level above the permissible limit while the liver and kidney cadmium levels exceeded the permissible limits in all the frogs. The highest cadmium level was detected in the liver (3.02±1.23 mg/kg). The erythrocyte parameters were significantly lower in the APL compared to the BPL group while the leucocyte parameters were higher in the APL than the BPL group. The histopathological lesions were consistent with pathological changes associated with renotoxic, hepatotoxic and reproductive features of cadmium toxicity. The study highlights the elevated cadmium levels in the tissue of the frog as a biomarker of exposure while the haematological and histopathological changes served as biomarkers of effect associated with cadmium toxicity in naturally exposed frogs. It also serves to underscore the importance of frogs as important sentinels of environmental cadmium toxicity, creation of public health awareness for cadmium toxicity and the evaluation of cadmium toxicity in the ecosystem.
Key words: Cadmium, Bio-Accumulation, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Biomarkers, Toxicity
Research Paper
Isolation and Identification of Brucella Species from Dairy Cattle by Biochemical Tests: The First Report from Ethiopia.
Geresu MA, Ameni G, Wubete A, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Mamo Kassa G.
World Vet. J. 6(2): 80-88, 2016; pii:S232245681600012-6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/wvj.20160471
ABSTRACT
Isolation of Brucella organism is considered as the gold standard diagnostic method for brucellosis since it is specific and allows biotyping of the isolate, which is relevant for control of brucellosis using vaccination. Serological studies revealed that brucellosis is endemic in bovines in Ethiopia. Even though seroprevalence of brucellosis is established in different species of animals, so far there was no successful attempt to isolate and identify Brucella spp. in dairy cattle at farm level in the country. Therefore, the endeavor of the present study was to isolate Brucella spp. from seropositive cattle with a history of abortion. A total of 570 dairy cattle from 35 herds were screened serologically by Rose Bengal plate test based on the history of abortion in the farm. Among the tested samples 13 (2.28%) were found positive by Rose Bengal plate test screening while 33 samples were found sero negative upon serological screening test but were collected from the cattle with history of recent abortion. Forty six clinical samples were cultured which were both from Brucella seropositive and seronegative (dairy cattle with history of abortion) upon Rose Bengal plate test screening. Three (6.52%) samples were Brucella culture positive and further characterization of all the three isolates based on biochemical tests result confirmed that the pathogen was Brucella abortus. Brucella abortus was isolated from placental cotyledon 1/9 (11.1%) and vaginal swab 2/23 (8.69%) while no isolate was obtained from milk and fetal abomasal contents (abomasal aspirate) of aborted fetus. Our finding revealed the occurrence of B. abortus in dairy cattle of Ethiopia through isolation of the organism for the first time from seropositive dairy cattle with a history of abortion. The organisms were isolated from placental cotyledon (one isolate) and vaginal swab (two isolates) while no isolate was obtained from milk and fetal abomasal contents (abomasal aspirate) of the aborted fetus. Hence, the bacteriological isolation and identification of Brucella abortus from dairy cattle indicates the importance of brucellosis in dairy cattle industry of the area and potential public health implication for human population in the study areas.
Key words: Isolation, Dairy cattle, Brucella abortus, Biochemical test, Ethiopia
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